The bible really isn't clear on that. Growing up I was told that we're all going to be brothers and sisters in heaven, which I thought meant we shed away any divisions we had on Earth.
BUT the bible has sections that implying we'll be recognizable in heaven. Here is an article on that:
Will we be able to see and know our friends and family members in Heaven? Will we know each other in Heaven? | GotQuestions.org
Basically it says that people in the bible like Moses and Elijah were recognizable in the afterlife. Meaning that we'll likely keep how we look and people will know it's us, so that would mean we keep our race/ethnicity. Also, in the end times we're supposed to be reunited with our Earthly bodies, so even if our souls have no race we'll still be back here.
Now to me, what I take away: nobody knows for sure, all we can take away is that how we look, our race, and our trauma isn't going to affect us in a negative way in heaven. So you might be black in heaven but aren't going to be discriminated against, you'll be loved for who you are.
Paul's own words negate this, though. At 1 Corinthians 15:20, he said Jesus was the "firstfruits" of the heavenly resurrection, and that those belonging to Christ would go afterwards. So if he was the first, how are Moses, Elijah, and David's son in heaven? They didn't even know Christ. They lived and died way before he was on Earth.
Also, the Scriptures are very clear that flesh and blood cannot enter heaven. Jesus went back as a spirit. Paul also said in 1 Corinthians 15:50 that flesh and blood can't inherit God's heavenly kingdom.
However, just to add an additional point, Jesus told us what flesh and blood can inherit. He said at Matthew 5:5 that the meek shall inherit the earth. This to me implies there will be a different resurrection that's separate from a heavenly one.
This is in line with what Job (another faithful servant of God who lived and died before Jesus was on earth) said at Job 14:13-15:
"If only you would hide me in the grave
and conceal me till your anger has passed!
If only you would set me a time
and then remember me!
If someone dies, will they live again?
All the days of my hard service
I will wait for my renewal to come.
You will call and I will answer you;
you will long for the creature your hands have made."
Clearly, he didn't go right to heaven at death. Clearly he's waiting for something else.
Sorry for the length y'all.